Glossary
Person Practising a Liberal Profession (freelancer)
An individual who practices a liberal profession and carries out professional activity on their own account, is not registered as a sole trader, and is self-insured.
Phishing
A method of online fraud that involves sending electronic messages in which the perpetrator impersonates government agencies, banks, or other institutions. The message usually contains instructions to open an attachment or a link leading to websites that mimic legitimate ones. The goal is to trick users into revealing personal or financial information such as usernames, passwords, or bank and/or credit card details.
PIN
A personal identification number used as an access code for payment cards, bank accounts, online accounts, and similar services.
PIN (Personal Identification Number) - glossary for children
A secret number used when paying with a card to protect the money on a bank card.
Point-of-Sale Loan (Retail Loan)
A type of consumer credit granted for the purchase of a specific item on instalment, provided at a specific retail outlet.
Ponzi Scheme
A type of investment fraud presented as a legitimate service promising high returns. The organiser personally recruits investors, unlike a pyramid scheme where participants must attract new members. In both cases, the collected funds are not truly invested but are used to pay "profits" to earlier investors. The scheme is named after the Italian Charles Ponzi, who, in the early 20th century in the United States, defrauded hundreds of victims over the course of about a year.
Portfolio Manager
A person or organization that professionally manages an investment portfolio on behalf of a client – an individual or legal entity, an investment fund, a pension fund, or another institution. The portfolio manager makes decisions regarding the selection, acquisition, holding, and sale of assets such as stocks, bonds, derivatives, real estate, and others, in accordance with the client’s predetermined investment objectives, risk profile, and strategy. Portfolio management is conducted in compliance with regulatory requirements and is subject to supervision by competent authorities, such as the Financial Supervision Commission in Bulgaria.
Position
In the context of trading and investments, a position represents an investor’s share or exposure to a financial asset, such as stocks, currency, bonds, commodities, or derivatives, and indicates how and with what volume the investor participates in the market—whether expecting the asset’s price to rise or fall. A position can be long, where the asset is bought with the expectation that its price will increase, or short, where an asset that is not owned (borrowed) is sold, expecting its price to decline and be repurchased at a lower cost. Positions can be open (active) or closed (after the transaction is completed). Maintaining certain positions often requires a margin, especially in leveraged trading, and their management includes risk-limiting strategies such as stop orders.
POS Terminal
A point-of-sale, or POS, terminal is a physical or virtual device for accepting direct cashless payments with bank cards, which decodes the information contained in their chip or magnetic stripe.
POS Terminal - glossary for children
A device used to pay with a bank card in a shop instead of using coins and banknotes.
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