Glossary
Bond
A debt security through which the issuer (a government, municipality, company, or financial institution) undertakes to pay the bondholder a specified amount of money (the principal) on a predetermined date (maturity), as well as agreed interest payments (coupon payments) over the life of the bond. Bonds are used as a capital-raising instrument and provide investors with regular income and the return of invested capital at maturity. Bonds are generally considered lower-risk investments compared to stocks, especially when issued by governments or stable companies, but they still carry the risk of default (credit risk) and market fluctuations in their value.
Borrower (Loan Recipient)
An individual or legal entity that receives money, goods, or services on loan from a private individual or organization, not necessarily through a licensed financial institution (lender), with an obligation to return them within a specified period and under agreed conditions, usually in exchange for interest. The borrower is required to comply with the terms of the agreement, repaying both principal and interest, and in some cases the loan may be secured with property or other guarantees.
Budget
A money management plan showing expected income and planned expenses for a specific period of time (e.g. a month or a year) or a particular event. A budget helps control financial health by ensuring a balance between income and expenses, enabling savings planning, and preventing debt.
Budget - glossary for children
A plan for money that includes income, spending, and savings and shows how money is organised to reach set goals.
Budgeting
The process of preparing a budget, based on the principle that expenses should not exceed income.
Budget Item
A unit within a budget that refers to a specific activity, service, or area and designates a specific activity, service, or area, and accordingly refers to planned expenses or income.
Bulgarian Enterprise Accelerator Market (BEAM)
A special market for the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises on the Bulgarian Stock Exchange (BSE). Its main objective is to provide an opportunity to raise capital under more relaxed conditions compared to the regulated market.
Business - glossary for children
An activity where goods are made or services are offered in order to earn money. The organisation that does this is also called a business.
Business Model
A framework that shows how a business operates by generating revenue and creating value for its customers; in other words, what products or services it creates, to whom it sells them, how it delivers them, and what it receives in return.
Business Plan
A written document that describes a business’s goals and the strategies for achieving them. It includes a description of the product or service, market and target customer analysis, sales and marketing strategy, organizational structure, resources and team, financial forecasts, and funding needs. It is an important tool for both startups and established businesses, used to attract financing as well as to manage and grow the business.
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